O34 - Intellectual Property and Intellectual CapitalReturn

In Central and Eastern European (CEE) business conditions, intellectual capital is becoming increasingly important as a form of intangible rather than tangible capital. The aim of this study is to determine the structure of intellectual capital, identify determinants and evaluate their values for agri-entrepreneurship development. Thereby, potentials are identified and strategic guidelines are created. The research methodology is based on a measurement and evaluation process using calculations of importance weights and ratings and values of all attributes and determinants. It is recognized as human, structural and consumer capital with different attributes and descriptions. Four research questions are tested through research and analysed with a primary focus on the measurement and evaluation of attributes. The results show a predominant value for entrepreneurs' abilities in human capital. Agri-entrepreneurs are found to have the greatest potential in the organizational structure for structural capital. The distribution channel has the highest value in consumer capital. Moreover, the study shows that human capital has the highest value and potential for agri-entrepreneurship development compared with consumer and structural capital. A strategic analysis is applied to connect the proposed guidelines. This research on intellectual capital potential establishes guidelines for strategic goals on which entrepreneurs should focus to increase their competitiveness on the market.
Implications for Central European audience: Research on agri-entrepreneurship has been increasing but is still lacking in the CEE region, especially in countries where agriculture is one of the most important economic branches. This conceptual research model is an attempt to formulate an empirical evaluation of the determinants of intellectual capital. It aims to recognize weaknesses and form strategic goals for the production value growth and operations of economic entities in agriculture. The model focuses on intangible capital and its components, which are crucial for small- and medium-sized enterprises in the agricultural sector.

This paper examines the impact of fiscal policy on business investment in research and development (R&D). Panel regression models – with independent variables for the total tax and contribution rate, government appropriations and outlays for R&D, and the R&D tax subsidy rate – are set up to examine cross-country differences in business investment in R&D, with a set of control variables. The latter include, most notably, the number of full-time researchers, tertiary education attainment, the protection of intellectual property rights, governance, the long-term interest rate, and trade openness. The panel encompasses eleven countries of Central and Eastern Europe over ten years (2010–2019). The findings suggest that fiscal policy does not affect BERD, while trade openness, tertiary education attainment, and full-time researcher employment have a significant positive impact. These findings are consistent with some of the earlier studies on the effectiveness of fiscal policy in stimulating business investment, calling for greater allocation of public and private funds for R&D professional development and training programs.
Implications for Central European audience: This paper used recent data for eleven Central and Eastern European countries. Therefore, the findings are directly applicable to these countries. As the paper used random-effects generalised least squares estimation for panel data, the findings can be generalised to other countries.