Central European Business Review 2023, 12(4):135-159 | DOI: 10.18267/j.cebr.336

Abusive Supervision and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Moderated Mediation Model of Burnout and Organizational Identity

Cihangir Gümüştaş ORCID...1, Nilgün Karataş Gümüştaş ORCID...2
1 Bahcesehir University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Beşiktaş, Istanbul, Turkey, cihangir.gumustas@eng.bau.edu.tr
2 Marmara University, Faculty of Management, Kadıköy, Istanbul, Turkey, nilgun.karatas@marmara.edu.tr

Using the arguments of conservation of resources theory and social identity theory, this study investigates the impact of abusive supervision on organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) through the mediating effect of burnout. Simultaneously, the moderator effect of organizational identity on the relationship between abusive supervision and burnout is examined. The intention here is to examine whether organizational identity would increase the negative effect of abusive supervision on burnout and to test the underlying mechanism by which abusive supervision affects OCB, with the most affected parties. According to this, we aim to contribute to the literature on the potential effects of organizational identity on coping with workplace stressors. Also, this study aims to be contributive in terms of filling the gap in the existing literature due to the limited number of studies examining how and by which mechanisms abusive supervision affects OCB. Using the data collected from 256 full-time employees from hi-tech, banking and manufacturing industries, it is found that burnout fully mediates the relationship between abusive supervision and OCB. Moreover, it is seen that the negative effect of abusive supervision is stronger for employees with higher organizational identification, suggesting that suffering from abusive supervision can be more overwhelming for employees who see their organization as a vital aspect of their identity. According to the study findings, both theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Implications for Central European audience: The present research fills the gaps in the literature by revealing the “black box” that underlies the association between abusive supervision and OCB. Victims of abusive supervision may feel burnt out and possess fewer resources to engage in OCB. To eliminate the negative results of abusive supervision and increase positive work outcomes, organizations should emphasize delivering a code of conduct and organizational culture that stresses proper behaviours within the work environment. Implementing a zero-tolerance to deviant behaviour policy may also improve and generate a positive and deviant behaviour-free work environment. 

Keywords: abusive supervision; burnout; organizational citizenship behaviour; organizational identity
JEL classification: J24, M12

Received: November 8, 2022; Revised: February 23, 2023; Accepted: April 10, 2023; Prepublished online: June 17, 2023; Published: September 29, 2023  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Gümüştaş, C., & Karataş Gümüştaş, N. (2023). Abusive Supervision and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Moderated Mediation Model of Burnout and Organizational Identity. Central European Business Review12(4), 135-159. doi: 10.18267/j.cebr.336
Download citation

References

  1. Aquino, K., & Bradfield, M. (2000). Perceived victimization in the workplace: The role of situational factors and victim characteristics. Organization Science, 11(5), 525-537. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.11.5.525.15205. Go to original source...
  2. Arshad, A., Sun, P. Y. T., & Desmarais, F. (2021). Abusive supervision and employee empowerment: The moderating role of resilience and workplace friendship. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 28(4), 479-494. https://doi.org/10.1177/15480518211005449. Go to original source...
  3. Aryee, S., Chen, Z. X., Sun, L.-Y., & Debrah, Y. A. (2007). Antecedents and outcomes of abusive supervision: test of a trickle-down model. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(1), 191-201. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.92.1.191. Go to original source...
  4. Aryee, S., Sun, L.-Y., Chen, Z. X. G., & Debrah, Y. A. (2008). Abusive supervision and contextual performance: The mediating role of emotional exhaustion and the moderating role of work unit structure. Management and Organization Review, 4(3), 393-411. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8784.2008.00118.x. Go to original source...
  5. Ashforth, B. E., Harrison, S. H., & Corley, K. G. (2008). Identification in organizations: An examination of four fundamental questions. Journal of Management, 34(3), 325-374. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206308316059. Go to original source...
  6. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.51.6.1173. Go to original source...
  7. Bhattacharjee, A., & Sarkar, A. (2022). Abusive supervision: a systematic literature review. Management Review Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11301-022-00291-8. Go to original source...
  8. Bormann, K. C., & Gellatly, I. R. (2022). It's only abusive if I care: The effect of organizational concern on abusive supervision, stress, and work behaviors. Journal of Personnel Psychology, 21(3), 125-136. https://doi.org/10.1027/1866-5888/a000295. Go to original source...
  9. Bresó, E., Salanova, M., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2007). In search of the "third dimension" of burnout: Efficacy or inefficacy? Psychologie Appliquee [Applied Psychology], 56(3), 460-478. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2007.00290.x. Go to original source...
  10. Brislin, R. W. (1970). Back-translation for cross-cultural research. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1(3), 185-216. https://doi.org/10.1177/135910457000100301. Go to original source...
  11. Carlson, D., Ferguson, M., Hunter, E., & Whitten, D. (2012). Abusive supervision and work-family conflict: The path through emotional labor and burnout. The Leadership Quarterly, 23(5), 849-859. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2012.05.003. Go to original source...
  12. Carpenter, N. C., Berry, C. M., & Houston, L. (2014). A meta-analytic comparison of self-reported and other-reported organizational citizenship behavior: SELF-REPORTED AND OTHER-REPORTED OCB. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35(4), 547-574. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1909. Go to original source...
  13. Chen, M.-L., & Lin, C.-P. (2014). Modelling perceived corporate citizenship and psychological contracts: A mediating mechanism of perceived job efficacy. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 23(2), 231-247. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432x.2012.734455. Go to original source...
  14. Chi, N.-W., Chen, Y.-C., Huang, T.-C., & Chen, S.-F. (2018). Trickle-down effects of positive and negative supervisor behaviors on service performance: The roles of employee emotional labor and perceived supervisor power. Human Performance, 31(1), 55-75. https://doi.org/10.1080/08959285.2018.1442470. Go to original source...
  15. Chi, S.-C. S., & Liang, S.-G. (2013). When do subordinates' emotion-regulation strategies matter? Abusive supervision, subordinates' emotional exhaustion, and work withdrawal. The Leadership Quarterly, 24(1), 125-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2012.08.006. Go to original source...
  16. Chiu, S.-F., & Tsai, M.-C. (2006). Relationships among burnout, job involvement, and organizational citizenship behavior. The Journal of Psychology, 140(6), 517-530. https://doi.org/10.3200/JRLP.140.6.517-530. Go to original source...
  17. Christian, M. S., Garza, A. S., & Slaughter, J. E. (2011). Work engagement: A quantitative review and test of its relations with task and contextual performance. Personnel Psychology, 64(1), 89-136. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2010.01203.x. Go to original source...
  18. Colquitt, J. A., Scott, B. A., Rodell, J. B., Long, D. M., Zapata, C. P., Conlon, D. E., & Wesson, M. J. (2013). Justice at the millennium, a decade later: a meta-analytic test of social exchange and affect-based perspectives. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 98(2), 199-236. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031757. Go to original source...
  19. Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. S. (2005). Social exchange theory: An interdisciplinary review. Journal of Management, 31(6), 874-900. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206305279602. Go to original source...
  20. DeConinck, J. B. (2011). The effects of ethical climate on organizational identification, supervisory trust, and turnover among salespeople. Journal of Business Research, 64(6), 617-624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2010.06.014. Go to original source...
  21. Decoster, S., Camps, J., Stouten, J., Vandevyvere, L., & Tripp, T. M. (2013). Standing by your organization: The impact of organizational identification and abusive supervision on followers' perceived cohesion and tendency to gossip. Journal of Business Ethics, 118(3), 623-634. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1612-z. Go to original source...
  22. Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., Nachreiner, F., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2001). The job demands-resources model of burnout. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 499-512. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.86.3.499. Go to original source...
  23. Demerouti, E., Mostert, K., & Bakker, A. B. (2010). Burnout and work engagement: a thorough investigation of the independency of both constructs. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 15(3), 209-222. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019408. Go to original source...
  24. Epitropaki, O. (2013). A multi-level investigation of psychological contract breach and organizational identification through the lens of perceived organizational membership: Testing a moderated-mediated model: Psychological Contract Breach and Organizational Identification. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 34(1), 65-86. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1793. Go to original source...
  25. Evans, W. R., & Davis, W. (2014). Corporate citizenship and the employee: An organizational identification perspective. Human Performance, 27(2), 129-146. https://doi.org/10.1080/08959285.2014.882926. Go to original source...
  26. Fischer, T., Tian, A. W., Lee, A., & Hughes, D. J. (2021). Abusive supervision: A systematic review and fundamental rethink. The Leadership Quarterly, 32(6), 101540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2021.101540. Go to original source...
  27. Fisher, R. J. (1993). Social desirability bias and the validity of indirect questioning. The Journal of Consumer Research, 20(2), 303. https://doi.org/10.1086/209351. Go to original source...
  28. Gilbert, S., Laschinger, H. K. S., & Leiter, M. (2010). The mediating effect of burnout on the relationship between structural empowerment and organizational citizenship behaviours: Structural empowerment and organizational citizenship behaviours. Journal of Nursing Management, 18(3), 339-348. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2834.2010.01074.x. Go to original source...
  29. Grappi, S., Romani, S., & Bagozzi, R. P. (2013). Consumer response to corporate irresponsible behavior: Moral emotions and virtues. Journal of Business Research, 66(10), 1814-1821. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.02.002. Go to original source...
  30. Guo, J., Qiu, Y., & Gan, Y. (2022). Workplace incivility and work engagement: The mediating role of job insecurity and the moderating role of self-perceived employability. Managerial and Decision Economics: MDE, 43(1), 192-205. https://doi.org/10.1002/mde.3377. Go to original source...
  31. Halbesleben, J. R. B., & Bowler, W. M. (2007). Emotional exhaustion and job performance: the mediating role of motivation. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(1), 93-106. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.92.1.93. Go to original source...
  32. Halbesleben, J. R. B., Neveu, J.-P., Paustian-Underdahl, S. C., & Westman, M. (2014). Getting to the "COR": Understanding the role of resources in conservation of resources theory. Journal of Management, 40(5), 1334-1364. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206314527130. Go to original source...
  33. Haslam, S. A., & Reicher, S. (2006). Stressing the group: social identity and the unfolding dynamics of responses to stress. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(5), 1037. Go to original source...
  34. Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
  35. Haslam, S. A., Jetten, J., Postmes, T., & Haslam, C. (2009). Social identity, health and well-being: An emerging agenda for applied psychology. Psychologie Appliquee [Applied Psychology], 58(1), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2008.00379.x. Go to original source...
  36. Hayes, A. F., Montoya, A. K., & Rockwood, N. J. (2017). The analysis of mechanisms and their contingencies: PROCESS versus structural equation modeling. Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ), 25(1), 76-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ausmj.2017.02.001. Go to original source...
  37. He, H., & Brown, A. D. (2013). Organizational identity and organizational identification: A review of the literature and suggestions for future research. Group & Organization Management, 38(1), 3-35. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601112473815. Go to original source...
  38. Hershcovis, M. S. (2011). "Incivility, social undermining, bullying…oh my!": A call to reconcile constructs within workplace aggression research. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 32(3), 499-519. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.689. Go to original source...
  39. Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources. A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. The American Psychologist, 44(3), 513-524. https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066x.44.3.513. Go to original source...
  40. Hobfoll, S. E. (2001). The influence of culture, community, and the nested-self in the stress process: Advancing conservation of resources theory. Psychologie Appliquee [Applied Psychology], 50(3), 337-421. https://doi.org/10.1111/1464-0597.00062. Go to original source...
  41. Hobman, E. V., Restubog, S. L. D., Bordia, P., & Tang, R. L. (2009). Abusive supervision in advising relationships: Investigating the role of social support. Psychologie Appliquee [Applied Psychology], 58(2), 233-256. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2008.00330.x. Go to original source...
  42. Holmgreen, L., Tirone, V., Gerhart, J., & Hobfoll, S. E. (2017). Conservation of resources theory: Resource caravans and passageways in health contexts. In The Handbook of Stress and Health (pp. 443-457). Oxford: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Go to original source...
  43. Huang, H.-T., & Lin, C.-P. (2019). Assessing ethical efficacy, workplace incivility, and turnover intention: a moderated-mediation model. Review of Managerial Science, 13(1), 33-56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-017-0240-5. Go to original source...
  44. Johnson, H.-A. M., & Spector, P. E. (2007). Service with a smile: do emotional intelligence, gender, and autonomy moderate the emotional labor process? Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 12(4), 319-333. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.12.4.319. Go to original source...
  45. Jokisaari, M., & Nurmi, J.-E. (2009). Change in newcomers' supervisor support and socialization outcomes after organizational entry. Academy of Management Journal, 52(3), 527-544. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2009.41330971. Go to original source...
  46. Kline, R. B. (2014). Convergence of structural equation modeling and multilevel modeling. In The SAGE Handbook of Innovation in Social Research Methods (pp. 562-589). CA: SAGE Publications Ltd. Go to original source...
  47. Lee, S., Kim, S. L., & Yun, S. (2018). A moderated mediation model of the relationship between abusive supervision and knowledge sharing. The Leadership Quarterly, 29(3), 403-413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2017.09.001. Go to original source...
  48. Li, X., Qian, J., Han, Z. R., & Jin, Z. (2016). Coping with abusive supervision: The neutralizing effects of perceived organizational support and political skill on employees' burnout. Current Psychology, 35(1), 77-82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-015-9363-5. Go to original source...
  49. Liu, Y., Gul, H., Zhang, J., Raza, J., & Usman, M. (2021). Abusive supervision and suicidal ideation: The potential role of meaning in life. Deviant Behavior, 42(12), 1513-1524. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2020.1757195. Go to original source...
  50. Lord, V. B. (1998). Characteristics of violence in state government. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 13(4), 489-503. https://doi.org/10.1177/088626098013004005. Go to original source...
  51. Lyu, Y., Zhu, H., Zhong, H.-J., & Hu, L. (2016). Abusive supervision and customer-oriented organizational citizenship behavior: The roles of hostile attribution bias and work engagement. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 53, 69-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2015.12.001. Go to original source...
  52. Mackey, J. D., Frieder, R. E., Brees, J. R., & Martinko, M. J. (2017). Abusive supervision: A meta-analysis and empirical review. Journal of Management, 43(6), 1940-1965. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206315573997. Go to original source...
  53. Mael, F., & Ashforth, B. E. (1992). Alumni and their alma mater: A partial test of the reformulated model of organizational identification. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 13(2), 103-123. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030130202. Go to original source...
  54. Malik, A., Sinha, S., & Goel, S. (2021). A qualitative review of 18 years of research on workplace deviance: New vectors and future research directions. Human Performance, 34(4), 271-297. https://doi.org/10.1080/08959285.2021.1948548. Go to original source...
  55. Martinko, M. J., Harvey, P., Brees, J. R., & Mackey, J. (2013). A review of abusive supervision research: ABUSIVE SUPERVISION REVIEW. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 34(S1), S120-S137. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1888. Go to original source...
  56. Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 397-422. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.397. Go to original source...
  57. McAllister, C. P., Mackey, J. D., & Perrewé, P. L. (2018). The role of self-regulation in the relationship between abusive supervision and job tension. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 39(4), 416-428. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2240. Go to original source...
  58. Mitchell, M. S., & Ambrose, M. L. (2007). Abusive supervision and workplace deviance and the moderating effects of negative reciprocity beliefs. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(4), 1159-1168. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.92.4.1159. Go to original source...
  59. Neall, A. M., & Tuckey, M. R. (2014). A methodological review of research on the antecedents and consequences of workplace harassment. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 87(2), 225-257. https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12059. Go to original source...
  60. Ng, T. W. H., & Feldman, D. C. (2010). Organizational tenure and job performance. Journal of Management, 36(5), 1220-1250. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206309359809. Go to original source...
  61. Organ, D. W. (1988). Organizational citizenship behavior: The good soldier syndrome. Lexington Books/D. C. Heath and Com.
  62. Organ, D. W., Podsakoff, P. M., & MacKenzie, S. B. (2005). Organizational citizenship behavior: Its nature, antecedents, and consequences. Sage Publications. Go to original source...
  63. Özkan, A. H. (2022). Abusive supervision climate and turnover intention: Is it my coworkers or my supervisor ostracizing me? Journal of Nursing Management, 30(6), 1462-1469. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13398. Go to original source...
  64. Park, H., Hoobler, J. M., Wu, J., Liden, R. C., Hu, J., & Wilson, M. S. (2019). Abusive supervision and employee deviance: A multifoci justice perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 158(4), 1113-1131. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-017-3749-2. Go to original source...
  65. Park, J., & Kim, H. J. (2019). How and when does abusive supervision affect hospitality employees' service sabotage? International Journal of Hospitality Management, 83, 190-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.10.014. Go to original source...
  66. Park, H., Hoobler, J. M., Wu, J., Liden, R. C., Hu, J., & Wilson, M. S. (2019). Abusive supervision and employee deviance: A multifoci justice perspective. Journal of business ethics, 158, 1113-1131. Go to original source...
  67. Pearson, C. M., & Porath, C. L. (2005). On the nature, consequences and remedies of workplace incivility: No time for "nice"? Think again. Academy of Management Perspectives, 19(1), 7-18. Go to original source...
  68. Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2012). Sources of method bias in social science research and recommendations on how to control it. Annual Review of Psychology, 63(1), 539-569. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-120710-100452. Go to original source...
  69. Preacher, K. J., Rucker, D. D., & Hayes, A. F. (2007). Addressing moderated mediation hypotheses: Theory, methods, and prescriptions. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 42(1), 185-227. https://doi.org/10.1080/00273170701341316. Go to original source...
  70. Priesemuth, M., Schminke, M., Ambrose, M. L., & Folger, R. (2014). Abusive supervision climate: A multiple-mediation model of its impact on group outcomes. Academy of Management Journal, 57(5), 1513-1534. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2011.0237. Go to original source...
  71. Priesemuth, M., Schminke, M., Bigelow, B., & Mitchell, M. (2022). A light at the end of the tunnel: How the right workplace structure can help disrupt the negative impact of abusive supervision. Human Performance, 35(2), 71-93. https://doi.org/10.1080/08959285.2021.2023875. Go to original source...
  72. Rafferty, A. E., & Restubog, S. L. D. (2011). The influence of abusive supervisors on followers' organizational citizenship behaviours: The hidden costs of abusive supervision: Hidden costs of abusive supervision. British Journal of Management, 22(2), 270-285. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8551.2010.00732.x. Go to original source...
  73. Richter, A. W., West, M. A., van Dick, R., & Dawson, J. F. (2006). Boundary spanners' identification, intergroup contact, and effective intergroup relations. Academy of Management Journal, 49(6), 1252-1269. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2006.23478720. Go to original source...
  74. Saleem, S., Yusaf, S., Sarwar, N., Raziq, M. M., & Malik, O. F. (2021). Linking abusive supervision to psychological distress and turnover intentions among police personnel: The moderating role of continuance commitment. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(9-10), 4451-4471. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260518791592. Go to original source...
  75. Schaufeli, W., & Enzmann, D. (1998). The burnout companion to study and practice: A critical analysis. CRC press.
  76. Shirom, A. (1989). Burnout in work organizations. In C. L. Cooper & I. T. Robertson (Eds.), International review of industrial and organizational psychology 1989 (pp. 25-48). John Wiley & Sons.
  77. Shropshire J, Kadlec C (2013) A multi-level investigation of psychological contract breach and organizational identification through the lens of perceived organizational membership: testing a moderated-mediated model. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 34, 65-86. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1793. Go to original source...
  78. Sobel, M. E. (1982). Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equation models. In S. Leinhart (Ed.), Sociological methodology 1982 (pp. 290-312). Jossey-Bass. Go to original source...
  79. Spector, P. E., Bauer, J. A., & Fox, S. (2010). Measurement artifacts in the assessment of counterproductive work behavior and organizational citizenship behavior: do we know what we think we know? The Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(4), 781-790. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019477. Go to original source...
  80. Taylor, S. G., Bedeian, A. G., Cole, M. S., & Zhang, Z. (2017). Developing and testing a dynamic model of workplace incivility change. Journal of Management, 43(3), 645-670. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206314535432. Go to original source...
  81. Tepper, B. J. (2000). Consequences of abusive supervision. Academy of Management Journal, 43(2), 178-190. https://doi.org/10.2307/1556375. Go to original source...
  82. Tepper, B. J., Moss, S. E., Lockhart, D. E., & Carr, J. C. (2007). Abusive supervision, upward maintenance communication, and subordinates' psychological distress. Academy of Management Journal, 50(5), 1169-1180. https://doi.org/10.2307/20159918. Go to original source...
  83. Tepper, B. J. (2007). Abusive supervision in work organizations: Review, synthesis, and research agenda. Journal of Management, 33(3), 261-289. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206307300812. Go to original source...
  84. Tepper, B. J., Simon, L., & Park, H. M. (2017). Abusive supervision. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 4(1), 123-152. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-041015-062539. Go to original source...
  85. Toothaker, L. E., Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1994). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. The Journal of the Operational Research Society, 45(1), 119. https://doi.org/10.2307/2583960. Go to original source...
  86. Valle, M., Kacmar, K. M., Zivnuska, S., & Harting, T. (2019). Abusive supervision, leader-member exchange, and moral disengagement: A moderated-mediation model of organizational deviance. The Journal of Social Psychology, 159(3), 299-312. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2018.1466776. Go to original source...
  87. Wegge, J., Schuh, S. C., & van Dick, R. (2012). "I feel bad", "We feel good"?--emotions as a driver for personal and organizational identity and organizational identification as a resource for serving unfriendly customers: Identity, stress and emotion. Stress and Health: Journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress, 28(2), 123-136. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.1412. Go to original source...
  88. Wei, F., & Si, S. (2013). Psychological contract breach, negative reciprocity, and abusive supervision: The mediated effect of organizational identification. Management and Organization Review, 9(3), 541-561. https://doi.org/10.1111/more.12029. Go to original source...
  89. Wheeler, A. R., Halbesleben, J. R. B., & Whitman, M. V. (2013). The interactive effects of abusive supervision and entitlement on emotional exhaustion and co-worker abuse. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 86(4), 477-496. https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12034. Go to original source...
  90. Whitman, M. V., Halbesleben, J. R. B., & Holmes, O., IV. (2014). Abusive supervision and feedback avoidance: The mediating role of emotional exhaustion: ABUSE, EXHAUSTION, AND FEEDBACK AVOIDANCE. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35(1), 38-53. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1852. Go to original source...
  91. Williams, L. J., & O'Boyle, E. H., Jr. (2008). Measurement models for linking latent variables and indicators: A review of human resource management research using parcels. Human Resource Management Review, 18(4), 233-242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2008.07.002. Go to original source...
  92. Wu, W., Wang, H., & Lu, L. (2018). Will my own perception be enough?: A multilevel investigation of workplace ostracism on employee voice. Chinese Management Studies, 12(1), 202-221. https://doi.org/10.1108/cms-04-2017-0109. Go to original source...
  93. Xu, Q., Zhang, G., & Chan, A. (2019). Abusive supervision and subordinate proactive behavior: Joint moderating roles of organizational identification and positive affectivity. Journal of Business Ethics, 157(3), 829-843. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-017-3691-3. Go to original source...
  94. Yang, L.-Q., Johnson, R. E., Zhang, X., Spector, P. E., & Xu, S. (2013). Relations of interpersonal unfairness with counterproductive work behavior: The moderating role of employee self-identity. Journal of Business and Psychology, 28(2), 189-202. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-012-9271-8. Go to original source...
  95. Zang, D., Liu, C., & Jiao, Y. (2021). Abusive supervision, affective commitment, customer orientation, and proactive customer service performance: Evidence from hotel employees in China. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 648090. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.648090. Go to original source...
  96. Zellars, K. L., Tepper, B. J., & Duffy, M. K. (2002). Abusive supervision and subordinates' organizational citizenship behavior. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(6), 1068-1076. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.6.1068. Go to original source...
  97. Zhang, Y., Liu, X., Xu, S., Yang, L.-Q., & Bednall, T. C. (2019). Why abusive supervision impacts employee OCB and CWB: A meta-analytic review of competing mediating mechanisms. Journal of Management, 45(6), 2474-2497. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206318823935. Go to original source...

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY NC ND 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.