Central European Business Review 2016, 5(4):23-33 | DOI: 10.18267/j.cebr.164
Management under Limited Information - The Measurement of Off-Balance Sheet Assets at Hungarian firms
- Péter Juhász, PhD, CFA, Associate Professor, Department of Finance, Faculty of Business Administration, Corvinus University of Budapest, Fővám tér 8, 1093 Budapest, Hungary, peter.juhasz@uni-corvinus.hu
Relying on three questionnaire-based surveys from 2004, 2009 and 2013, each covering around 300 top financial managers of different Hungarian manufacturing and service companies, this article analyzes how the perception and measurement of intellectual capital (IC) elements has changed. Instead of focusing on stock exchange prices or case studies of individual firms, this research is unique for using a database on the opinion of top managers over a decade. After the managers, IC has slightly gained importance giving 48-51 percent of the firm value during the years analyzed, still, most companies give little attention to measuring these items correctly. This is dangerous, as by just focusing on traditional accounting measures or relying on outdated methods, top managers are less likely to take shareholder value maximizing decisions. Encouragingly, those who measure do it better: book value has lost popularity while more appropriate market value based estimates have gained importance.
Keywords: valuation; invested capital; intellectual capital
JEL classification: G32, M41
Received: October 1, 2016; Revised: December 9, 2016; Published: December 31, 2016 Show citation
References
- Amaratunga, D., & Baldry, D. (2002). Moving from performance measurement to performance management. Facilities, 20, 217-223.
Go to original source...
- Damodaran, A. (2001). The dark side of valuation: valuing old tech, new tech, and new economy companies. London: Prentice Hall.
- Damodaran, A. (2015). Archived Data, Value to Book ratios. Retrived: December 31, 2015, from http://pages.stern.nyu.edu/~adamodar/
- Frey, H., & Oehler, A. (2014). Intangible assets in Germany: Analysis of the German stock market index DAX and a survey among the German Certified Public Accountants. Journal Of Applied Accounting Research, 15(2), 235-248.
Go to original source...
- Gatti, M. (2015). Exploring the challenges of measuring intangibles: The implementation of a balanced scorecard in an Italian company. International Journal Of Management Cases, 17(4), 120-133.
- Juhász, P. (2004). The explanation of the difference between the book value and the business value - Valuation problems of the off-balance sheet items of companies. PhD dissertation, Budapest: Corvinus University of Budapest, PhD program Management and Business Administration.
- Kontić, L., & Čabrilo, S. (2009). A strategic model for measuring intellectual capital in Serbian industrial enterprises. Ekonomski Anali / Economic Annals, 54(183), 89-117.
Go to original source...
- Kovács, Zs. I. (2015). Immaterial Assets in the Hungarian Accounting System and Financial Statements. Public Finance Quarterly (0031-496X), 62(2), 226-237.
- KSH (2015). Működő, valódi új, valódi megszűnt vállalkozások száma nemzetgazdasági ág szerint (2003-). [Number of operating, new and terminated businesses across elds of activity] Központi Statisztikai Hivatal (Central Statistical Office, Hungary) Retrived: December 30, 2015, from https://www.ksh.hu/docs/hun/xstadat/xstadat_eves/i_qpg008.html
- Maditinos, D., Chatzoudes, D., Theriou, G., & Tsairidis, C. (2011). The impact of intellectual capital on firms' market value and financial performance. Journal Of Intellectual Capital, 12(1), 132-151.
Go to original source...
- Palacios, T. M. B., & Galván, R. S. (2007). Intangible measurement guidelines: a comparative study in Europe. Journal Of Intellectual Capital, 8(2), 192-205.
Go to original source...
- Păvăloaia, L. (2012). Research on the appraisal or intangible assets in Romanian companies. CES Working Papers, 4(3), 396-406.
- Personnel Today (2002). Getting the measure of human capital. Personnel Today. September 24, 26-30.
- Radneantu, N. (2009). Making the invisible visible: The intangible assets recognition, the valuation and reporting in Romania. Annals of the University of Petrosani Economics, 9(2), 221-226.
- Rudeľ, H. N., & Mihalič, T. (2007). Intellectual capital in the hotel industry: A case study from Slovenia. International Journal Of Hospitality Management, 26(1), 188-199.
Go to original source...
- Shapiro, A. C., & Balbirer, S. D. (2000). Modern corporate finance: a multidisciplinary approach to value creation. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall.
- Standfield, K. (2002). Intangible management: tools for solving the accounting and management crisis. Boston: Academic Press.
Go to original source...
- Vidrascu, P., Cristea, A. M., Iacob, O.C., & Volintiru, A. (2014). Synthesizing and exposure of the assessment methods of the intangible assets. Internal Auditing & Risk Management, 9(3), 78-88.
- Zéghal, D., & Maaloul, A. (2011). The accounting treatment of intangibles - A critical review of the literature. Accounting Forum, 35(4), 262-274.
Go to original source...
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY NC ND 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.